Wellness Visit vs Physical

When Beverly Dunn called her new primary care doctor’s office last November to schedule an annual checkup, she assumed her Medicare coverage would pick up most of the tab.

The appointment seemed like a routine physical, and she was pleased that the doctor spent a lot of time with her. Then, she got the bill for $400, in the mail.

Dunn, 69, called the doctor’s office assuming there was a billing error. There was no mistake, she was told-“Medicare does not cover an annual physical exam.”

The Austin resident was tripped up by Medicare’s confusing coverage rules. Federal law prohibits the healthcare program from paying for annual physicals, and patients who get them may be on the hook for the entire amount. However, beneficiaries pay nothing for an “annual wellness visit,” which the program covers in full as a preventive service.

“It’s very important that someone, when they call to make an appointment, uses those magic words, ‘annual wellness visit,’ ” said Leslie Fried, senior director of the Center for Benefits Access at the National Council on Aging. Otherwise, “people think they are making an appointment for an annual wellness visit and it ends up they are having a complete physical.”

An annual physical typically involves an exam by a doctor along with blood work or other tests. The annual wellness visit generally doesn’t include a physical exam, except to check routine measurements such as height, weight and blood pressure.

The focus of the Medicare Wellness Visit is on preventing disease and disability by coming up with a “personalized prevention plan” for future medical issues based on the beneficiary’s health and risk factors.

At their first wellness visit, patients will often fill out a ­risk-assessment questionnaire and review their family and personal medical history with their doctor, a nurse practitioner, or physicians assistant. The clinician will typically create a schedule for the next decade of mammograms, colonoscopies and other screenings and evaluate people for cognitive problems and depression, as well as their risk of falls and other safety issues.

At subsequent annual wellness visits, the doctor and patient will review these issues and check basic measurements. Beneficiaries can also receive other covered preventive services, such as flu shots, at those visits without charge.

When the Medicare program was established more than 50 years ago, its purpose was to cover the diagnosis and treatment of illness and injury in older people. Preventive services were generally not covered, and routine physical checkups were explicitly excluded, along with routine foot and dental care, eyeglasses and hearing aids.

Over the years, preventive services have gradually been added to the program, which includes coverage of the annual wellness visit. Medicare beneficiaries pay nothing as long as their doctor accepts Medicare.

If a wellness visit veers beyond the bounds of the specific covered preventive services into diagnosis or treatment — whether at the urging of the doctor or the patient — Medicare beneficiaries may typically owe a co-pay or other charges.

To add more confusion, Medicare beneficiaries can opt for a “Welcome to Medicare” preventive visit within the first year of joining Medicare Part B, which covers physician services.

Meanwhile, some Medicare Advantage plans cover annual physicals for their members free of charge. It’s important for patients to understand their coverage, or speak to their agent before they see a doctor when uncertain about their coverage.

“Many patients want their doctor to evaluate or treat chronic conditions such as diabetes or arthritis at the wellness visit”, said Michael Munger, who chairs the board of the American Academy of Family Physicians. Medicare generally won’t cover lab work, such as cholesterol screening, unless it’s tied to a specific medical condition.

As long as beneficiaries understand the coverage rules, it’s not generally a problem, according to Munger. “They don’t want to come back for a separate visit, so they just understand that there may be extra charges,” he said.

Munger also said that beneficiaries may not be the only ones who are unclear about what an annual wellness visit involves, as providers may be put off if they think that it’s just another task that adds to their paperwork.

Dunn said when she called the doctor’s office about the $400 bill, the staff told her she had signed papers agreeing to pay whatever Medicare didn’t cover.

Dunn doesn’t dispute that.

“There were lots of papers that I signed,” she said. “But nobody told me I would get a bill for $400. I would remember that.”

In the end, the clinic waived all but $100 of the charge, but warned her that next year she’ll have to pay $300 if she wants an annual physical with that doctor. If she comes in just for an annual wellness visit, she’ll be seen by a physician assistant.

Dunn is considering her options. She would like to stay with her new doctor, who came highly recommended, and she’s worried she might have trouble finding another one as good who accepts Medicare. However, $300 seems steep to her for a checkup.

“This whole thing was so stressful for me,” she said. “I lost sleep for nights. It’s not that I couldn’t afford it, but it didn’t seem right.”

Via— Kaiser Health News & TWP(The Washington Post)

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